U3AOS1 Topic 13: Work and Power

Work is literally what the word means. How much energy has been used on the object and is calculated by the multiplying the force (parallel to the movement) with the distance it occurred over.

\[ \displaystyle \Huge W= Fs\]

W=FsW = Fs


Work is done on or by someone or something. If you push a box then the work is done by you because you are losing energy and the work is done on the box as it gains energy.

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Power is how much work was done over how much time. Work can be from any form of energy (electricity, mechanical, etc). 

\[ \displaystyle \Huge P=\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t}=\frac{W}{t}\]

P=ΔEΔt=WtP = \frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t}= \frac{W}{t}


A small amount of work over a very small time can create large amounts of power. An example of this is Bruce Lee's one inch punch.



Example 1

Arthur applies \( 40N \) of force to a box that he is moving. He needs to move the box at least \(5m \). What is the minimum amount of work he will need to do on the box to move it at least \(5m\).




Solution:

\[ \displaystyle \Large  F=40N, s=5m\]

F=40N,s=5mF = 40N, s = 5m


Therefore,

\[ \displaystyle \Large W=Fs\]

\[ \displaystyle \Large W=(40)(5)\]

\[ \displaystyle \Large W=200J\]

W=FsW = Fs

W=(40)(5)W = (40)(5)


Arthur will need to do \(200J\) of work on the box to it at least \(5m\).



A force of 100 Newtons is applied horizontally to push a crate across a frictionless surface. If the crate is displaced by 15 meters, calculate the work done by the applied force.



Solution:

\[ \displaystyle \Large W = Fs\]

W=FsW = Fs


\(F = 100N\), \(s = 15m\)

Therefore, 

\[ \displaystyle \Large W = (100)(15)\]

\[ \displaystyle \Large W = 1500J\]

W=(100)(15)W = (100)(15)



Example 2

F=302NF = 30\sqrt{2} N

A person pushes a sled with a force of 60 Newtons at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. If the sled is displaced horizontally by 8 meters, calculate the work done.


Solution:

The force applied is at an angle. Therefore we need to find the horizontal force first. 

\[ \displaystyle \Large F= 60 \times \cos(45)\]

\[ \displaystyle \Large F=30 \sqrt{2} N\]

F=60cos(45)F = 60*cos(45)

Now we can use the normal work equation.

\[ \displaystyle \Large W=Fs\]

\[ \displaystyle \Large W= (30 \sqrt{2}) (8)\]

\[ \displaystyle \Large W= 240 \sqrt{2} J= 340 J\]

W=FsW = Fs





Example 3

A weightlifter lifts a \(100 kg\) barbell from the ground to a height of 2 meters in 4 seconds. Calculate the power exerted by the weightlifter during this lifting process.




Solution:

In order to calculate the power we must find the work done by the weightlifter.

\[ \displaystyle \Large W= Fs= (100 \times 9.81)(2)= 1962 J \]

W=Fs=(1009.81)(2)=1962JW = Fs = (100 * 9.81)(2) = 1962J


We are given that the time is \(4s\). Therefore we have everything to use the power formula now.

\[ \displaystyle \Large P= \frac{W}{t}=\frac{1962}{4}=490.5 W \]

P=Wt=19624=490.5WP = \frac{W}{t}=\frac{1962}{4}=490.5W

Exercise &&1&& (&&5&& Questions)

A person holds a suitcase stationary in their hand. Is work done on the suitcase, or is work done by the suitcase? Explain your answer.

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A worker uses a pulley system to lift a box vertically. Is work done on the box, or is work done by the box? Explain your answer.

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A car moves on a level road at a constant speed. Is work done on the car, or is work done by the car? Explain your answer.

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A rock falls freely from a cliff. Is work done on the rock, or is work done by the rock? Explain your answer.

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A person applies a force to push a stationary wall. Is work done on the wall, or is work done by the wall? Explain your answer.

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Exercise &&2&& (&&5&& Questions)

A force of 30 Newtons is applied horizontally to move a box a distance of 5 meters on a frictionless surface. Calculate the work done.

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A person pulls a sled with a force of 50 Newtons at an angle of 60 degrees to the horizontal. If the sled is displaced horizontally by 12 meters, calculate the work done.

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A spring with a force constant of \( 200 N/m\) is compressed by 0.1 meters. Calculate the work done in compressing the spring.

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A car exerts a force of 800 Newtons against a wall, holding it stationary. If the force is applied at an angle of 30 degrees to the vertical, and the wall does not move, calculate the work done.

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An object is lifted vertically against gravity with a force of 100 Newtons over a height of 8 meters. Calculate the work done against gravity.

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Exercise &&3&& (&&5&& Questions)

A motor does 5000 Joules of work in 10 seconds. Calculate the power generated by the motor.

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A car engine expends 8000 Joules of energy to move a distance of 200 meters in 20 seconds. Determine the power of the car engine.

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An elevator lifts a \(500 kg\) load to a height of 30 meters in 15 seconds. Calculate the power exerted by the elevator.

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A person climbs a set of stairs, gaining 2000 Joules of potential energy in 25 seconds. Determine the power expended by the person.

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A wind turbine generates 10,000 Joules of energy in 60 seconds. Calculate the power produced by the wind turbine.

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